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It is a light-hearted, easily digestible grammar reference. The past participle is used in two main ways: to create past verb forms as an adjective Verb tenses that use the Past Participle The past participle is used in several tenses, especially perfect forms. Modals in the past — She could have studied more. Past Participle Adjectives There are several adjectives in English that are created from the past participle form of the verb.
For example, broken — This computer is broken. Creating the Past Participle English verbs can be separated into two categories — regular verbs and irregular verbs. For example, So creating past participle from regular verbs is quite easy. Here are some common irregular verbs, with the past participles highlighted on the right. You should have come earlier. Have you done your homework yet? When I got home my family had already eaten.
This bag was made in Switzerland. The managers will have seen all the candidates by the end of the day. Has he written the report? The regular past has only one part while the past participle always has two or more parts and generally requires an auxiliary verb. An example of a sentence with a regular verb would be: "I helped my friend. The same sentence with a past participle verb would be: "I have helped my friend.
The past participle forms of irregular verbs have various endings, including -d said , -t slept , and -n broken. Irregular verbs are trickier to form in the simple past than regular verbs, as these examples illustrate:.
To form the past participle of these irregular verbs, precede them with an auxiliary verb:. Viewing some of the most common irregular verbs, together with the simple past as well as their past participle forms, can be helpful in understanding how they are formed.
Additionally, the verb wear is a classic example of an irregular verb that can be complicated to use as a past participle. You might wear underwear today if you are expressing action in the present. You wore underwear yesterday if you are expressing the simple past. To use the same irregular verb as a past participle, however, you might say, "I have worn my Superman underwear. The past participle can indicate past, present, and future meanings, according to "Essentials of English: A Practical Handbook Covering All the Rules of English Grammar and Writing Style," which notes that the past participle has both perfect and progressive forms, as in these examples:.
In the first sentence, the participle acts like an appositive , renaming the subject he. The two actions occur completely in the future: He will be outraged and he will be deceived. Note how the past participle includes an implied form of a "to be" verb: will be. In the second sentence, baffled is still a past participle but the action will have been started and completed entirely in the present. The past participle includes an implied auxiliary verb— having been— so the full sentence would read: " Having been baffled by your attitude, I cannot help you.
In the same way, the third sentence starts with a past participle describing an action that started and was completed entirely in the past.
The past participle also serves as an appositive adjective, describing the pronoun and subject of the sentence. The full sentence would read: " Having been baffled by your attitude, I could not help you.
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