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Joint Replacement. Normal Hand Anatomy Introduction The hand in the human body is made up of the wrist, palm, and fingers. Skeletal Anatomy The wrist is comprised of 8 bones called carpal bones. Soft Tissue Anatomy Our hand and wrist bones are held in place and supported by various soft tissues. Tendons Tendons are soft tissue that connects muscles to bones to provide support.
Ligaments Ligaments are strong rope like tissue that connects bones to other bones and help hold tendons in place providing stability to the joints. Muscles Muscles are fibrous tissue capable of contracting to cause body movement.
Nerves Nerves are responsible for carrying signals back and forth from the brain to muscles in our body, enabling movement and sensation such as touch, pain, and hot or cold. The three main nerves responsible for hand and wrist movement all originate at the shoulder area and include the following: Radial : The radial nerve runs down the thumb side of the forearm and provides sensation to the back of the hand from the thumb to the third finger.
Median : The median nerve travels through the wrist tunnel, also called carpal tunnel, providing sensation to the thumb, index finger, long finger, and part of the ring finger. The ulnar nerve supplies feeling to the little finger and half of the ring finger. Blood Vessels The two main vessels of the hand and wrist are Radial Artery : The radial artery is the largest artery supplying the hand and wrist area.
Traveling across the front of the wrist, nearest the thumb, it is this artery that is palpated when a pulse is counted at the wrist. It supplies blood flow to the front of the hand, fingers and thumb. Bursae Bursae are small fluid filled sacs that decrease friction between tendons and bone or skin. Normal Movement Biomechanics is a term to describe movement of the body.
Flexion : Moving the base of the finger towards the palm. Extension : Moving the base of the fingers away from the palm. Adduction : Moving the fingers toward the middle finger. Abduction : Moving the fingers away from the middle finger.
Flexion : Moving the last two segments of the finger towards the base of the fingers. Sesamoid bones are small ossified nodes embedded in the tendons to provide extra leverage and reduce pressure on the underlying tissue.
Many exist around the palm at the bases of the digits; the exact number varies between different people. The articulation of the human hand is more complex and delicate than that of comparable organs in any other animal. Without this extra articulation, we would not be able to operate a wide variety of tools and devices, nor achieve the wide variety of possible hand gestures.
While hand and wrist injuries are very common, some athletes never seek treatment. Unfortunately, delaying the diagnosis and treatment may result in long-term problems or even a permanent disability.
Here is a list of some of the most common injuries athletes experience. Wrist The wrist joint is the complex joint formed between the distal ends furthest from the body of the Radius and Ulna two forearm bones and the carpal bones.
Bones and Articulation The Ulna is the larger of the two forearm bones, although it tapers at the wrist end, to become narrower than the Radius at this point. Altogether there are 8 carpal bone which are arranged in two rows, proximal and distal Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Capitate Trapezium Trapezoid Hamate Scaphoid The scaphoid bone crosses both rows as it is the largest carpal bone.
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